Yas yog cov khoom siv los ntawm ib qho ntawm ntau hom hluavtaws lossis semi-synthetic organic compounds uas yog malleable thiab yog li tuaj yeem raug molded rau hauv cov khoom.
Plasticity yog cov cuab yeej dav dav ntawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem deform irreversibly tsis tawg tab sis, nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm moldable polymers, qhov no tshwm sim rau xws li ib tug degree uas lawv lub npe tiag tiag muab los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm.
Plastics feem ntau yog cov organic polymers siab molecular loj thiab feem ntau muaj lwm yam khoom.Lawv feem ntau yog hluavtaws, feem ntau yog muab los ntawm petrochemicals, txawm li cas los xij, ib qho kev sib txawv yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv xws li polylactic acid los ntawm pob kws lossis cellulosics los ntawm paj rwb linters.
Vim lawv cov nqi qis, yooj yim ntawm kev tsim, ntau yam, thiab imperviousness rau dej, plastics yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau ntawm cov khoom ntawm txawv nplai, nrog rau cov ntawv clips thiab spacecraft.Lawv tau kov yeej cov khoom siv niaj hnub, xws li ntoo, pob zeb, horn thiab pob txha, tawv, hlau, iav, thiab ceramic, hauv qee yam khoom yav dhau los tau tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntuj.
Hauv kev lag luam tsim kho, kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm cov yas yog siv rau hauv ntim thiab kwv yees ib yam hauv cov tsev hauv kev siv xws li kav dej, kav dej lossis yas siding.Lwm yam kev siv suav nrog tsheb (txog 20% yas), rooj tog zaum, thiab cov khoom ua si.Hauv lub ntiaj teb tab tom tsim, kev siv cov yas yuav txawv - 42% ntawm Is Nrias teb kev noj yog siv hauv ntim.
Cov yas muaj ntau yam siv hauv kev kho mob ib yam nkaus, nrog rau kev qhia txog kev cog qoob loo polymer thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho mob tau txais tsawg kawg yog ib feem ntawm cov yas.Kev phais yas tsis yog lub npe rau kev siv cov ntaub ntawv yas, tab sis lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus plasticity, hais txog kev hloov ntawm cov nqaij.
Lub ntiaj teb thawj cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog bakelite, tsim nyob rau hauv New York xyoo 1907, los ntawm Leo Baekeland uas tau sau lo lus 'plastics'. Ntau tus kws tshuaj tau pab txhawb rau cov ntaub ntawv.
science ntawm plastics, suav nrog Nobel laureate Hermann Staudinger uas tau raug hu ua "leej txiv ntawm polymer chemistry.
Post lub sij hawm: Jul-27-2020